Ben Barres. Article de synthese a propos des canaux ioniques voltage-dependants et associes aux recepteurs des neurotransmetteurs rencontres au niveau de differentes cellules gliales (astrocytes, cellules de Schwann, cellules de Muller) des vertebres. Here we show that three classes of such trophic factors promote oligodendrocyte survival in vitro: (1) insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), (2) neurotrophins, particularly neu... Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the vertebrate central nervous system. Neuron 2018 06 31;98(6):1170-1183.e8. Much research has focused on the inhibitory signals produced by CNS glia that thwart regenerating axons. With the use of giNSCs and human glioblastoma cells, we inve... Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes requires extensive changes in gene expression, which are partly mediated by post-translational modifications of nucleosomal histones. Ben Barres was born Barbara Barres in West Orange, New Jersey in September 1954. Here we show by quantal analyses, FM1-43 imaging, immunostaining, and electron microscopy that few synapses form in the absence All rights reserved. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Loop enables you to stay up-to-date with the latest discoveries and news, connect with researchers and form new collaborations. It is conceivable that C1q produced by microglia binds vesicular debris coming from disrupted synaptic terminals in order to promote their opsonization and phagocytosis, in a comparable way to what happens during the clearance of apoptotic cells (Galvan, Greenlee-Wacker, & Bohlson, 2012) or developmental synaptic remodeling and pathological synaptic loss (Hong et al., 2016;Schafer et al., 2012;Stevens et al., 2007). Following i... Purifying and culturing cells from the central nervous system (CNS) has proved to be an incredibly powerful tool for dissecting fundamental neuron and glial properties, and especially powerful in understanding neuronal-glial interactions. Good mentorship is not only pivotal for career success, but it is pivotal for driving innovation and for the health of our universities. In addition, KLF4 and -6, which differentially regulate CNS neurons' intrinsic axon regenerative capacity 11,12 , have been shown to differentially regulate mitochondrial size 10 . Online programs used to identify the predicted features of the MYRF protein and the associated E-values or scores for each feature are listed. “Ben pioneered the idea that glia play a central role in sculpting the wiring diagram of our brain and are integral for maintaining circuit function throughout our lives,” said Thomas Clandinin, PhD, professor of neurobiology, who assumed the role of departmental chair in April 2016 when Barres, who had held the position from 2008 until then, was first diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Bujalka H, Koenning M, Jackson S, Perreau VM, Pope B, Hay CM, Mitew S, Hill AF, Lu QR, Wegner M, Srinivasan R, Svaren J, Willingham M, Barres BA, Emery B. MYRF is a membrane-associated transcription factor that autoproteolytically cleaves to directly activate myelin genes. Immunity 2018 05 8;48(5):1014-1028.e6. Expression of the N-terminal region of MYRF is sufficient to promote myelin gene expression. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. (A–D) ChIP-Seq signal for MYRF in cultured oligodendrocytes and Sox10 in the rat spinal cord for the genomic regions surrounding the oligodendrocyte-enriched Cntn2 (chr13), Mobp (chr8), Mbp (chr18), and Josd2 (chr1) genes. Genes and pathways active in glioblastoma astrocytes yet quiescent in mature astrocytes hold vast therapeutic potential. Nat Med 2018 07 11;24(7):931-938. The signaling interactions that control oligodendrocyte generation from their precursor cells have been studied intensively. Now, in a new study from Maiken Nedergaard and Steven Goldman's group... Oligodendrocytes-the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system-can be regenerated during adulthood. Oligodendrocytes and their precursors in the developing rat optic nerve express Notch1 receptors and, at the same time, retinal ganglion cells express Jagged1, a ligand of the Notch1 receptor, along their axons. Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Single-cell isoform RNA sequencing (ScISOr-Seq) across thousands of cells reveals isoforms of cerebellar cell types, Dynein/dynactin regulate anterograde Mbp mRNA transport in oligodendrocytes to promote myelination, Coming out: the experience of LGBT+ people in STEM, Epileptiform activity and behavioral arrests in mice overexpressing the calcium channel subunit α2δ-1, GENT-08. Electronic address: Cell 2019 09 12;179(1):132-146.e14. Recent findings suggest that glial cells, though lacking the ex- citability usually associated with most neurons, may be more actively involved in brain function than has been previously thought. In recent years, astrocytes have been shown to be indispensable for neuronal survival, growth, synapse formation, and synapse function. (2014) demonstrate that glial acidification during ischemia contributes to neurotoxicity. Electronic address: Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Jagged1 expression... Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) persist in substantial numbers in the adult brain in a quiescent state suggesting that they may provide a source of new oligodendrocytes after injury. Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA. Although ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a potent survival factor for many types of neurons and glial cells in vitro, there is currently no evidence that it participates in normal development. Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts upon all aspects of society and life. Using a suite of in vivo optogenetic tools, the authors are able to exacerbate or attenuate neuronal damage during ischemia with glial acidification or alkalization, respectively. In particular, astrocytes play a crucial role in orchestrating neural development by powerfully coordinating synapse formation and function, neuronal survival, and axon guidance. Universities need to do much more to teach faculty how to mentor and to ensure mentoring quali... Posttranslational cleavage of MYRF maps to shortly after the DBD in both mammalian and bacterial cells. Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Additionally, the class V proteins Id2 and Id4 as well as the class VI protein Hes5 influence oligodendroglial development as transcription factors that maintain OPCs in the proliferative state and counteract differentiation (10)(11), ... Ben was also a passionate mentor who always placed the well-being and success of his trainees ahead of his own, inspiring and helping many of the people who came through his lab to establish successful independent careers. Epub 2018 Oct 15. important step towards promoting nerve regeneration after stroke or Gabapentin Decreases Epileptiform Discharges in a Chronic Model of Neocortical Trauma, Astrocytes and disease: a neurodevelopmental perspective, Thrombospondin-4 Contributes to Spinal Sensitization and Neuropathic Pain States, Reduced removal of synaptic terminals from axotomized spinal motoneurons in the absence of complement C3, Regulated temporal-spatial astrocyte precursor cell proliferation involves BRAF signalling in mammalian spinal cord, Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner, Astrocytes and disease: A neurodevelopmental perspective, A novel role for microglia in minimizing excitotoxicity, A Nogo signal coordinates the perfect match between myelin and axons, Astrocytes and disease: A neurodevelopmental perspective. Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. I was born a woman. Professor of Neurobiology, and Chair of the Department of Neurobiology Stanford University School of Medicine . Why this occurs, however, is unknown. Ben Barres: The Human Body: Secrets of Your Life Revealed. Here, we review progress in our understanding of neuronal and glial cell biology during the past ten years, with an emphasis on glial cell fate specification, apoptosis, the cytoskeleton, neuronal polarity, synaptic vesicle recycling and targeting, regulation of the cytoskeleton by extracellular signals, and neuron-glia interactions. This page lists the scientific contributions of an author, who either does not have a ResearchGate profile, or has not yet added these contributions to their profile. Ben Barres transformed our understanding of brain glial cells. Epub 2018 Nov 29. Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. Here we show that targeting the CNS-specific inhibitor of neurite outgrowth Nogo A by active immunization blunts clinical signs, demyelination and axonal damage associated with ex... Glia constitute 90% of cells in the human nervous system, but relatively little is known about their functions. †Using MYRF residues 546–763 as input. However, the derivation of engraftable OPCs from human pluripotent stem cells has proven difficult and primary OPCs are not readily available. Epub 2018 Jun 11. Table giving the transcript IDs and genomic coordinates of the TSS for each of the 200 oligodendrocyte-specific genes, as well as the positions of any MYRF peaks detected within 100 kb of these TSSs. The ability of peripheral nervous system (PNS) but not central nervous system (CNS) neurons to regenerate their axons is a striking peculiarity of higher vertebrates. (TIF), Sequences of mutagenesis primers. Ben Barres was known for his groundbreaking scientific work and for his groundbreaking advocacy for gender equality in science. Collectively, these findings indicate that glial cells can sense, and potentially respond to, a large array of neuronal sig- nals. Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Temple University Press. We have developed an innovative method leveraging primary human tissue to study... Microglia maintain homeostasis in the brain, but whether aberrant microglial activation can cause neurodegeneration remains controversial. The suggestion that women are not advancing in science because of innate inability is being taken seriously by some high-profile academics. Epub 2018 Feb 1. Here we report the purification and characterization of astrocyte precursor cells (APCs) from the developing rat optic nerve. Other prominent axonal growth regulators such as BDNF 13 , NGF 14,15 , BCL-2 16,17 , PTEN [18][19][20] , and Nogo 21, ... Other class II bHLH proteins with roles in oligodendroglial development include Olig1 as a transcription factor predominantly active during terminal differentiation and Ascl1 (also known as Mash1) as a factor required early for the generation of OPCs and again late in differentiating oligodendrocytes (6,8,9). Here, we used Aldh1L1-GFP to identify two morphologically distinct types of proliferative astrocyte precursors:... Microglia are the resident CNS immune cells and active surveyors of the extracellular environment. Epub 2018 Nov 5. Funded Research Project: Stanford Brain Rejuvenation Project. The Ben Barres Spotlight Awards were introduced to provide visibility and collaboration opportunities for scientists from underrepresented groups. In order to study the signals that control the onset of myelination, we cocultured highly purified postnatal retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve oligodendrocytes under serum-free conditions that promote their survival for at least a month and found that no myelination occurred. Electronic address: Neuron 2019 01 31;101(2):207-223.e10. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels were induced in highly purified, cultured, cortical astrocytes by exposure to substances known to increase their intracellular cAMP: 8-bromo-cAMP, forskolin, isoproterenol, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. – Stanford, Kalifornia, 2017. december 27.) Barres is known for his pathbreaking work in identifying the crucial role of glial cells in the human brain. Women Scientists from Antiquity to the Present: An Index. amerikai neurobiológus, a Stanfordi Egyetemen dolgozott. Continuing with our Q&A series discussing issues of diversity in STEM fields, Genome Biology spoke with three openly LGBT+ researchers on their experiences in biology. Epub 2011 Oct 21. Epub 2020 Jul 27. Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Ben Barres (1954–2017) was an American neurobiologist and transgender man who was famous for his research in glial cells, and advocating for gender equality in science. Accordingly, the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS, and their expression of myelin genes are under tight transcriptional control. The induction of this c... Stereocilia were isolated from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) saccular hair cells by nitrocellulose adhesion. HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA ASTROCYTES RESEMBLE FETAL ASTROCYTE PRECURSOR CELLS AS REVEALED BY IMMUNOPANNING AND RNAseq, Progranulin Deficiency Promotes Circuit-Specific Synaptic Pruning by Microglia via Complement Activation, Central Mechanisms Mediating Thrombospondin-4-induced Pain States, Complement and Microglia Mediate Early Synapse Loss in Alzheimer Mouse Models, SnapShot: Astrocytes in Health and Disease, Designing and Troubleshooting Immunopanning Protocols for Purifying Neural Cells, Diminished Schwann Cell Repair Responses Underlie Age-Associated Impaired Axonal Regeneration, Mechanisms of astrocyte development and their contributions to neurodevelopmental disorders, The Detrimental Role of Glial Acidification during Ischemia, Contrasting the Glial Response to Axon Injury in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, MYRF Is a Membrane-Associated Transcription Factor That Autoproteolytically Cleaves to Directly Activate Myelin Genes, Expansion of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells following SIRT1 inactivation in the adult brain, Emerging role of astrocytes in neural circuit development, Generation of oligodendroglial cells by direct lineage conversion, Glia as primary drivers of neuropathology in TDP-43 proteinopathies, Laboratory life: Scientists of the world speak up for equality. The myelination of axons is a crucial step during vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) development, allowing for rapid and energy efficient saltatory conduction of nerve impulses. Cell-Autonomous Regulation of Astrocyte Activation by the Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1. Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project. Although oligodendrocytes themselves normally do not divide, the precursor cells that give rise to them do. View Article. ISBN 1-56639-719-7; Ogilvie, M. B. Although the addition of optic nerve astrocytes induced the oligoden... Perhaps the most important step forward is that, for the first time, it is possible to prospectively identify at least some multipotent neural stem cells. Ben Barres . This massive cell death is thought to reflect the failure of these neurons to obtain adequate amounts of specific neurotrophic factors that are produced by the tar... We have shown previously that oligodendrocytes and their precursors require signals from other cells in order to survive in culture. 1986. The left columns show the genes that these MYRF peaks are associated with and the genes' expression levels in CNS cell t... Gene lists used to assess MYRF binding proximal to neuron-, astrocyte-, or oligodendrocyte-specific genes. While most studies of microglia focus on this phenomenon, little is known about the function of 'resting' microglia, which possess fine, branching cellular processes. Spatiotemporal Control of CNS Myelination by Oligodendrocyte Programmed Cell Death through the TFEB-PUMA Axis. Axotomy of spinal motoneurons triggers removal of synaptic terminals from the cell surface of motoneurons by largely unknown mechanisms. Links are provided to the expression data for each gene. Electronic address: Curr Eye Res 2018 12 1;43(12):1489-1499. (published erratum appears in Genes Dev. The Classical Complement Pathway Mediates Microglia-Dependent Remodeling of Spinal Motor Circuits during Development and in SMA. Upregulation of α2δ-1 is present in models of injury-induced pain and epileptogenic cortical trauma, along with many other molecular alterations. Compared to neurons, the intracellular mechanisms that control glial differentiation are still poorly understood.
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